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By Sohail Inayatullah

Futures studies researcher and a professor at the Graduate Institute of Futures Studies at Tamkang University in TaipeiTaiwan

This essay is based on two speeches, First, for the Systems Change Alliance conference on the Beyond the Great Reset on May 16, 2021, and second for the International Conference on the World in 50 Years to honor Sakharov, June 4th, St. Petersburg.
This essay first articulates the current planetary crisis. Then four alternative futures are developed.

 Sohail Inayatullah, Satya Tanner, Jose Ramos, and Kiran Ahmed

While there is considerable commentary on the current politics in Afghanistan, this short piece focuses on alternative futures. The futures presented are not radical, rather they take a macro historical structural view understanding the conservative nature of Afghanistan. There is certainly the danger of reification in this approach but by using different lenses we hope that we allowed agency in this formulation. As others we have been stunned by the speed of the Taliban victory. We despair at the loss of women's rights. We despair that Afghanis have been attacked by outsiders in this iteration since the Soviet invasion in 1979.

By CARTER MALKASIAN
07/06/2021 04:30 AM EDT

That the war went on so long may be tragic, but it is hardly surprising

Carter Malkasian is the author of The American War in Afghanistan: A History. He served as a civilian advisor in Iraq and Afghanistan and was the senior advisor to General Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, from 2015 to 2019.

Dr. Akram Salehi*

Introduction:
Over four last decades, Iran and the United States have been dealing with deep conflicts and hostilities. That's why the two countries have repeatedly gone to the brink of military Confrontation.

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